Understand the evidence behind energy, climate, technology and the natural world.
Science is a method for testing explanations against evidence. These guides introduce important ideas, explain what researchers know, and identify where uncertainty remains.
Hydrogen is the lightest element and an important industrial feedstock. It can store or carry energy, but it is not a primary energy source: making usable hydrogen requires energy. Its climate benefit depends heavily on how it is produced and what energy is used.
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Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When the electricity comes from low-emissions sources, the hydrogen can have a lower production footprint. Equipment, water use, electricity availability, transport and cost all matter.
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Climate science combines measurements, physical theory and observations to understand a warming planet. Solutions include clean electricity, efficiency, electrification, lower-emissions industry and adaptation. Different solutions suit different places and sectors.
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AI systems can identify patterns and generate text, images or predictions, but they can also produce errors and reflect weaknesses in their data. Important questions include evaluation, privacy, transparency, security and who is accountable for decisions.
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